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Laser annealing enables rapid, degradation-free ambient processing of perovskite solar modules | Science

In recent years, perovskite photovoltaics have emerged as a promising technology in the renewable energy sector, offering high efficiency and low production costs. However, the traditional method of producing small-area perovskite films through spin coating has significant limitations. This technique requires prolonged thermal annealing in an inert atmosphere to achieve full crystallization, which can be time-consuming and impractical for large-scale production. As researchers continue to explore more efficient manufacturing methods, printable perovskite photovoltaics present a compelling alternative. Yet, this approach introduces a critical trade-off: achieving optimal crystal growth quality while maintaining stability in ambient conditions.

Printable perovskite solar cells can potentially revolutionize the solar energy landscape by enabling faster and more cost-effective production methods. However, the challenge lies in balancing the need for high-quality crystal growth, which is essential for maximizing solar cell efficiency, with the necessity of ensuring that these materials can withstand exposure to air and moisture during the printing process. For instance, while larger crystal sizes can enhance performance, they often require controlled environments for growth, which is not feasible in ambient settings. This dilemma has prompted researchers to investigate innovative strategies, such as the use of additives or modified processing techniques, to enhance the stability and performance of printable perovskite films.

Recent advancements in this field highlight the potential for overcoming these challenges. For example, studies have shown that incorporating specific additives can improve the crystallization process, allowing for larger grain sizes without compromising the stability of the material. Additionally, techniques such as blade coating and slot-die coating are being explored as scalable alternatives to spin coating, facilitating the production of larger-area films that can retain high efficiency. As the technology matures, the integration of printable perovskite photovoltaics into commercial applications could significantly lower the cost of solar energy, making it more accessible and contributing to the global transition towards sustainable energy sources. The ongoing research and development efforts in this area are crucial for unlocking the full potential of perovskite solar cells and addressing the pressing energy challenges of our time.