Health

Avian-origin influenza A viruses tolerate elevated pyrexic temperatures in mammals | Science

In recent research, scientists have explored how host body temperature influences the replicative profiles of influenza A viruses (IAVs). The study reveals that IAVs that have adapted to the higher temperatures found in birds—specifically between 40°C to 42°C—exhibit a reduced sensitivity to temperature changes when tested in vitro. This contrasts sharply with human isolates, which have adapted to thrive at lower temperatures, typically around 33°C to 37°C. The findings underscore the significant role that temperature plays in viral adaptation and replication, suggesting that the physiological conditions of the host can dictate the behavior and spread of these viruses.

The researchers focused on avian-origin IAVs, which are known to circulate in bird populations and can occasionally jump to humans, leading to potential outbreaks. The adaptation to higher temperatures in birds allows these viruses to replicate more efficiently in their natural hosts, but it also raises questions about their transmissibility and pathogenicity in humans. For instance, when an avian virus infects a human host, its ability to replicate at the lower body temperature may be compromised, affecting its virulence and spread. This research not only enhances our understanding of the ecological dynamics of influenza viruses but also has implications for public health strategies aimed at monitoring and controlling viral outbreaks, especially those that may arise from zoonotic transmissions.

By examining the replicative profiles of IAVs at different temperatures, the study provides valuable insights into the evolutionary pressures faced by these viruses. It highlights the importance of temperature as a factor in viral adaptation, suggesting that future surveillance and vaccine development efforts should consider the thermal preferences of different IAV strains. This could lead to more effective strategies for preventing and managing influenza outbreaks, particularly those originating from avian sources. Overall, this research contributes to the broader understanding of how environmental factors shape viral behavior and evolution, emphasizing the need for continued investigation into the complex interactions between viruses and their hosts.