The plague of frog costumes demonstrates the subversive power of play in protests
In a striking blend of humor and activism, protesters across the United States have recently adopted inflatable frog costumes as a means of expressing dissent against immigration enforcement and political repression. The trend gained momentum after a controversial incident on October 18, 2025, when an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent deployed pepper spray into the air vent of a peaceful protester’s inflatable frog costume during a demonstration in Portland, Oregon. This bizarre act quickly went viral, transforming the frog costume into a symbol of resistance against the Trump administration’s crackdown on immigration. As protests shifted to cities like Charlotte, North Carolina, these whimsical costumes became a staple, providing a stark contrast to the violent narratives often associated with demonstrators.
The use of inflatable costumes, as explained by sociologist Anya M. Galli Robertson, serves multiple purposes in the realm of protest. For many activists, like Portland’s Seth Todd, wearing a frog costume was a way to appear non-threatening amid increasing police aggression. Todd noted, “Nothing about this screams extremist and violent,” highlighting how humor can subvert the legitimacy of powerful opponents. The playful nature of these costumes not only lightens the atmosphere but also helps to attract a broader audience to protests, including those who may be hesitant to engage in more confrontational forms of activism. With the rise of “protest costumes” available on platforms like Amazon, these inflatable outfits have become accessible tools for first-time protesters, creating a sense of community among diverse participants united by their shared frustrations.
The phenomenon of using inflatable costumes in protests is not entirely new, as history shows a rich tradition of playful and absurdist tactics in political dissent. From the “Trump Baby” blimp that hovered over London during the President’s state visit to the towering puppets of the Bread and Puppet Theater during the Vietnam War, these creative expressions have long served to challenge authority and highlight social injustices. The emergence of groups like the Portland Frog Brigade and Operation Inflation underscores the continued importance of artful protest, as they aim to creatively exercise First Amendment rights. As activists don costumes of bears, unicorns, and dinosaurs, they embody a unique blend of humor and defiance, reminding us that even in the face of repression, laughter and creativity can be powerful tools for change.
Demonstrators in frog costumes during the “No Kings” protest on Oct. 18, 2025, in Portland, Ore.
Mathieu Lewis-Rolland/Getty Images
When the center of protests against immigration enforcement switched recently to Charlotte, North Carolina, so did the frogs.
Back in October 2025, an agent with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the agency popularly known as ICE, deployed pepper spray into the air vent of a peaceful protester’s inflatable frog costume.
Video of the incident
in Portland, Oregon, quickly went viral. Frogs and other inflatable costumes
became a fixture of protests
against Trump administration actions everywhere.
As a
sociologist
who studies social movements and political discourse, I knew when I saw the video that we’d soon see frogs everywhere at protests.
And indeed, the costumes have visually distinguished recent events from earlier anti-Trump demonstrations, softening their public image at a time when Republican officials were calling protesters “violent” and “
Antifa people
.”
It’s hard to be violent in a frog suit.
Humor is subversive. When used strategically, it can help undermine the legitimacy of even the most powerful opponents.
A ‘Trump baby’ inflatable was used in a protest on June 4, 2019, in London against the state visit of President Donald Trump.
Mike Kemp/In Pictures via Getty Images
Playful and potentially protective
Portland activist
Seth Todd
began protesting in an inflatable frog costume as a way of “looking ridiculous” when federal law enforcement ramped up repressive tactics against his fellow protesters at ICE facilities in October 2025.
“Nothing about this screams extremist and violent,” he told The Oregonian newspaper.
Such costumes are interactive, playful, physically unwieldy and potentially protective. They can help activists appear less threatening to police, evade
facial recognition systems
and even deflect the blows of police batons or rubber bullets.
Wearing inflatable costumes at demonstrations checks all the boxes for tactics that can be widely imitated: cultural relevance, symbolic power, accessibility and easy participation. My
interviews with activists
who used
glitter bombing
in past protests revealed that light-hearted tactics can expand participation by attracting newcomers who are wary of more confrontational forms of protest. This is especially true when the tactics are
easy to adopt
– notably, wearing inflatable costumes in the weeks leading up to Halloween.
“Protest costumes” are now a category on Amazon.
Unlike the seasoned activists who were early adopters, protesters who wore inflatable animal and character costumes – sometimes because frog costumes had sold out – at No Kings protests on Oct. 18 represented a range of experiences and affiliations, including
many first-timers
.
“We are middle of the road,” explained
one protesting frog
in Chicago, “we’re just regular folks who have had enough.”
Jordy Lybeck, Operation Inflation co-founder, organizes inflatable costumes for protesters near a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility on Oct. 21, 2025, in Portland, Ore.
AP/Jenny Kane
Bears, unicorns, dinos and raccoons
Activists
continue to don frog costumes in solidarity. One group calling itself the
Portland Frog Brigade
says its goal is “artfully exercising our First Amendment right to free speech.”
Others created
Operation Inflation
to collect and distribute inflatable costumes to Portland protesters.
Just days after the pepper spray incident, a
video circulated
showing people outside the Portland ICE facility wearing inflatable bear, unicorn, dinosaur and raccoon costumes, dancing to raucous music in front of a line of law enforcement officers clad in riot gear.
Despite the almost literal novelty value of frog costumes, there’s nothing new about any of this.
Inflatables have long
played an important role
in outlandish protest tactics. A large inflatable “
Trump chicken
” was installed outside the White House back in 2017, while a “
Trump baby
” blimp hovered over Parliament in London during a 2018 state visit by Trump.
During the 1960s, the
Bread and Puppet Theater
used towering puppets and satirical street performances to protest the Vietnam War and social inequality.
Carnivalesque tactics
and
clown costumes
have been popular responses to police repression at anti-globalization protests.
The
Raging Grannies
were a mainstay at antiwar and antinuclear demonstrations in the early 2000s, easily recognizable with their colorful costumes and witty songs.
And LGBTQ+ rights advocates have
thrown pies
and
glitter-bombed
right-wing politicians, while also staging
costumed flash mobs
and
dance parties
outside the offices and homes of prominent public figures.
Absurdist performances and playful public displays are powerful tools of political dissent, especially when they stand in contrast to state violence, authoritarianism and human rights abuses.
Anya M. Galli Robertson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
