Black student unions are under pressure – here’s what they do and how they help Black students find community
Black student unions (BSUs) have played a crucial role in fostering community and advocating for the needs of Black students on college campuses for over six decades. Originating from the Black Campus Movement of the late 1960s, the first BSU was established at San Francisco State University in 1968, driven by students’ demands for resources and respect in predominantly white environments. These unions provide a vital space for Black students to connect, support one another, and navigate the unique challenges they face in higher education. However, recent political shifts, particularly anti-diversity initiatives in states like Utah and Alabama, have led to significant cuts in institutional support, funding, and campus space for BSUs, jeopardizing their existence and the essential services they provide.
As universities increasingly withdraw financial and logistical support, BSUs find themselves under immense pressure to sustain their operations. The funding cuts have forced student leaders to take on unpaid labor to fill gaps left by the absence of institutional support, often organizing social events, advocacy efforts, and community-building activities without the necessary resources. This situation not only drains their time and energy but also places the burden of diversity and inclusion efforts squarely on the shoulders of Black students. For instance, universities may leverage the presence of Black student leaders at public events to enhance their image, often without acknowledging the sacrifices these students make in terms of academic commitments and personal time. Such dynamics illustrate how BSUs have historically contributed to university environments while simultaneously facing systemic inequities that undermine their efforts.
The implications of these policy shifts extend beyond immediate funding concerns; they signal a broader message about the value placed on Black students and their experiences within higher education. The lack of investment in BSUs reflects a troubling trend of neglecting the needs of marginalized communities, prompting student leaders to create their own spaces of joy and belonging amidst adversity. Despite the challenges, Black students have consistently demonstrated resilience and creativity in advocating for themselves and their communities. As these unions adapt to the changing landscape, their ability to foster connection and support remains critical to ensuring that Black students feel valued and included in the collegiate experience. The future of BSUs may be uncertain, but their historical significance and the determination of Black students to carve out spaces for themselves suggest that they will continue to thrive, even in the face of adversity.
Members of the Black Student Union at Kutztown University in Kutztown, Pa., march in a protest in April 2015.
Ben Hasty/MediaNews Group/Reading Eagle via Getty Images
Black student unions have been a vital part of many Black college students’ lives for more than 60 years. But since 2024, Black student unions have lost their institutional support, campus space and funding with the rise of anti-diversity, equity and inclusion laws
in Utah
and Alabama
.
Black student unions now face a new wave of pressure, as
more than 400 colleges
and universities under the Trump administration have rebranded or eliminated programs and centers that promote diversity, equity and inclusion.
Amy Lieberman, education editor at The Conversation U.S., spoke with
Antar A. Tichavakunda
, a scholar of race and higher education, to better understand what Black student unions are and how they influence Black students’ experiences in higher education.
Members of the Black Student Union at Johns Hopkins University pose for a portrait in Baltimore in 2004.
JHU Sheridan Libraries/Gado/Getty Images
Why are Black student unions important, particularly for Black students?
Aside from Black fraternities and sororities, Black student unions were among the first ethnic student organizations at colleges to be established. A group of students started the first Black student union in 1968 at San Francisco State University. This happened during the
Black Campus Movement
, when Black college students advocated for themselves, making demands for resources, respect, spaces and programs to
support Black student life
. At the time,
Mariana Waddy
, a student at San Francisco State University and the first president of a Black student union, said, “This college had done little for Black students except try to whitewash them.”
Black students wanted to make the school more engaging and responsive to their needs.
Today, these student unions are essential for Black student life on college campuses. They offer a place of belonging, where Black students can figuratively exhale from a predominately white campus or student environment. Black student life on campus isn’t a given – just because there are Black students, it doesn’t mean there is a Black student community. These unions allow Black students to come together as a community.
What do these unions look like and do, day to day?
Black student unions largely operate independently. They have various events, like cookouts and parties. If a campus is dealing with an issue or some kind of racist occurrence, for example, Black student union leaders will come to the forefront to be an advocate for Black students. They try to engage with students and university leaders on whatever is happening.
How are political pressure and policy shifts influencing these unions?
The
University of Utah
and the
University of Alabama
announced in 2024
that they would no longer fund or support their schools’ Black student unions. Universities typically give these unions a certain amount of money, as they do with other student-led groups. With this funding pulled, it is going to make it harder for Black student unions to exist. Where are they going to meet? Will they have to pay for a place to meet off campus?
And if you want to encourage students to come to Black student events, you will likely want to have food for them. If you want to arrange a trip to a conference or host a movie night, those things cost money and require space.
These cuts have drained time, energy and resources from Black student unions.
Now,
Black student leaders
are
filling gaps
where funding, staff, spaces and infrastructure used to exist to support and meet the needs of Black student life.
The Trump
administration’s attempts
to
remove funding
from and shut down diversity, equity and inclusion programs could lead Black student union leaders to act as
unpaid diversity workers
if and when these positions at universities are eliminated.
This work also involves organizing social events and support services for Black students. It means continuing to creatively advocate for Black student needs.
Full-time students leading Black student unions now find themselves doing unpaid labor that helps sustain Black communities and the universities that profit from them.
How exactly are universities profiting from Black student unions’ work?
Here’s one example:
I observed
a university tapping student leaders from a Black engineering group to represent the university’s school of engineering at public events. These leaders might have had to skip class or lose study time to be available for this event. But the university wanted other people, including prospective Black students, to know that there were already Black students at this school.
Black students in these positions have mentioned to me that sometimes administrators will pressure them to show up for panels and other events as a form of marketing. I think most of these requests are well-meaning. But I also know that Black student representatives and leaders place pressure on themselves to also show up for their community and school.
Their presence and visibility help universities have a more welcoming environment. They have an active, vibrant community because of Black student unions and leaders. Organizations like this create community and lead to more positive experiences for students. This
joy can lead
to more students staying in school.
If I am a Black parent touring a college with my child and don’t see any Black students participating in the tour or on campus, that sends a message to a prospective Black student – will I, or my child, belong here?
What message are Black student unions receiving with these policy shifts?
I think the message to Black student unions is that you all have to fend for yourselves. That is what inequality is all about, having different expectations for different students.
Cuts to diversity, equity and inclusion work signals to Black students that they are not valued and that, if they want to have meaningful experiences as a Black student community, they will have to do this work themselves. You can discern an institution’s values in their budget priorities. If there is nothing being materially invested in Black students, how can you say you support them?
My research shows that Black students act independently to achieve their goals. They create
places of joy
and belonging
for themselves and others,
navigating institutions
to create full, dynamic lives.
Black students have historically played the cards they were dealt, even if they were inequitable. They have worked to create traditions and lives within and outside of higher education’s campus walls. Some Black student unions may look different going forward, but I have full faith they will continue.
Antar A. Tichavakunda does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
